Edge Atmos · Engineering Reference

Drone Neutralisation
Methodology

A complete model for electromagnetic and directed-energy effects on hostile UAS platforms — from first sensor event to terminal state. Physics, state transitions, wave behavior modulation, escape logic, and worked scenarios sourced from the EDGE Atmos BRD.

15
Threat drones
6
Drone states
5
Wave behaviors
9
EW wave families
S ≥ 16
Neutralisation threshold
10 Hz
Tick rate
Detection to response

The Operational Pipeline

Every hostile drone moves through a six-stage chain. Intel AI owns stages 1–4 — evidence to classification. Strike AI owns 4–6 — planning to execution. Neutralisation occurs inside Task execution.

OB-
Observation
Raw sensor / SITREP
→Correlate
TR-
Trace
Movement track
→Fuse
IN-
Intel
Classified entity
→Elevate
T-
Threat
→ Strike AI
→Plan
M-
Mission
Response plan
→Dispatch
TK-
Task
Operator instruction
Intel AI owns
Observation → Trace → Intel → Threat
Sensemaking · Correlation · Classification · Elevation
Strike AI owns
Threat → Mission → Task
Planning · Asset selection · Dispatch · Monitoring
The effect model

Physics of Neutralisation

Six steps run every tick (10 Hz) per active drone-wave pair. I_eff_tick is produced by the EW Wave engine and handed to this model. Steps 2–6 are the neutralisation model's full responsibility.

Step 1 — Behavior modulation
I_eff_tick = I_eff_base × B(t)
  • B(t) is the behavior modulation factor — it multiplies the base intensity every tick before any accumulation occurs.
  • STATIC: B(t) = 1.0 always. Field is fixed in space. I_eff_base varies only as the drone moves through it.
  • HOLD: B(t) ≈ 0.85–1.0. Emitter actively tracks the drone each tick. G(θ,φ) stays near its maximum — off-axis evasion does not work.
  • PULSE: B(t) = 0 during off-phase. Accumulation pauses entirely — do not add zero, skip the tick. State machine does not advance or reverse during off-phase.
  • SWEEP: B(t) = cosⁿ(θ_beam(t) − θ_drone). Falls to near-zero between beam crossings but is never exactly zero — sidelobe energy still accumulates slowly.
  • MOVING: B(t) = 1.0 but R(t) is recomputed from the asset's current position each tick. Convoy driving away increases R, reducing I_eff continuously until drone exits the field.
Step 2 — Distance attenuation
I(R) = P_peak / (1 + (R / R₀)^α)
  • Models how intensity falls with distance from the emitter to the drone.
  • α = 2.0 for RF — inverse square law. Doubling range quarters the intensity.
  • α = 3.0 for DEW — tighter beam falloff, more sensitive to range.
  • R₀ = 50 m default reference distance. At R = R₀, I(R) = P_peak / 2.
  • R is recomputed from current drone and emitter positions every tick. Never cached. For MOVING waves, the emitter position itself also changes each tick.
  • At R = 0: I(R) = P_peak (maximum). Prevent division-by-zero by flooring R at 0.01 m.
Step 3 — Directional gain
G(θ,φ) = cosⁿ(θ_offset) × cosᵐ(φ_offset)
  • Models how far the drone sits from the beam's centerline in azimuth (θ) and elevation (φ).
  • Higher exponents n and m = narrower, more focused beam. Low exponents = broad omni field.
  • G = 1.0 when the drone is exactly on-axis. G → 0 as the drone moves to the beam edge.
  • STATIC / SWEEP: G degrades as the drone moves off-axis. Flying sideways is an effective evasion tactic.
  • HOLD: Emitter heading updates to track the drone each tick. θ_offset stays near zero, so G stays near 1.0. Off-axis evasion is ineffective — the beam follows the drone.
  • Recomputed every tick from current geometry. Never cached.
Step 4 — Effective intensity
I_eff_base = I(R) × G × F_match × F_los × F_weather
  • F_match — subsystem selectivity factor [0–1]. Captures whether the wave's frequency bands and target subsystems actually match the drone's RF profile. F_match = 0 for SATCOM-linked drones (TB2, CH-4B, Akinci) against any ground-based RF jammer. F_match = 1.0 for DEW against all drones.
  • F_los — line-of-sight factor [0–1]. Models terrain and obstacle occlusion. RF degrades to a floor of 0.05 (diffraction still reaches). DEW hard-stops at F_los = 0 — beam cannot bend around terrain.
  • F_weather — atmospheric modifier [0.7–1.0]. Default 1.0 in Phase 1. Rain and humidity reduce RF range. Enabled in Phase 3.
  • If F_match = 0, skip the tick entirely for this drone-wave pair. Do not compute the remaining steps — performance optimisation.
Step 5 — Exposure accumulation
E(t+dt) = E(t) + I_eff_tick × dt
  • E is permanent. It never decays, never resets on field exit, and never resets between missions or engagements. A drone that accumulated E = 14 before escaping starts its next engagement at E = 14.
  • dt = 0.1 s at the default 10 Hz tick rate. Each tick adds I_eff_tick × 0.1 to E.
  • During PULSE off-phases (B(t) = 0): I_eff_tick = 0. Skip the accumulation step entirely — do not write zero to E. State machine does not advance but existing S is not reversed.
  • E is capped at 1,000 W·s to prevent floating-point issues on very long engagements.
  • E is persisted to the Threat record every 5 seconds and on every state transition — survives system restart.
Step 6 — Neutralisation score
S = (E × V_em) / Resist
Resist = M_mat × (1−V_em) × (1+0.01·v) × (1+0.001·alt)
  • V_em — EM vulnerability coefficient per BRD [0–1]. 0.94 (generic hexacopter, easiest) to 0.15 (Bayraktar Akinci, hardest). Single global coefficient — not per-subsystem.
  • M_mat — material resistance: polymer composite = 1.2, carbon fibre = 1.5, aluminium = 2.0, magnesium alloy = 1.8. Higher = harder to neutralise.
  • Speed term (1 + 0.01·v): a 60 m/s drone contributes a factor of 1.6 to Resist. Faster drones transit through the field rather than dwelling — effectively harder to neutralise.
  • Altitude term (1 + 0.001·alt): a drone at 5,000 m contributes a factor of 6.0. Reduces RF effectiveness at high altitude.
  • S is recomputed every tick immediately after E is updated. It is a continuous float — never rounded before threshold comparison.
  • S can only increase. Resist floor = 0.01 to prevent divide-by-zero when V_em = 1.0.
  • Thresholds: S < 1 = Detected · 1–8 = Engaged · 8–12 = Degraded · 12–16 = Disrupted · S ≥ 16 = Neutralised.
Drone lifecycle

State Machine

Six states. Five are one-way S-threshold transitions — exposure is permanent so S can only increase. Escaped is the only two-way state. Re-entry resumes immediately at the S-correct state.

01
Detected
S < 1
Inside wave volume. Exposure accumulating. No functional degradation.
02
Engaged
1 ≤ S < 8
Active interference. C2 degrading. Minor erratic movement.
03
Degraded
8 ≤ S < 12
Measurable loss. GNSS drifting. Video artefacts. C2 intermittent.
04
Disrupted
12 ≤ S < 16
Navigation failure. RF link failing. Fail-safe may trigger.
05
Neutralised
S ≥ 16
Total C2 loss. Firmware: land, hover, or uncontrolled crash.
06
Escaped
S < 16, exits field
E and S frozen. Two-way state — resumable on re-entry.
Neutralised — firmware outcomes
GNSS available: Hover and descend at current position.

RTH + GNSS disrupted: Return-to-home fails — drone drifts uncontrolled.

Both C2 and GNSS lost: Uncontrolled descent. May crash.

Inertial-only platforms: Continue on last heading — must be re-engaged.
Escaped — re-entry rules
E and S frozen at exit. Never reset between engagements.

On re-entry: drone jumps immediately to the S-correct state. A drone at S = 14 re-entering → DISRUPTED instantly.

Strike AI uses current S when planning re-engagement — recommends closer or higher-powered assets.

AAR records: S_at_escape, E_at_escape, time_in_field, re_entry_count.
How waves change over time

Wave Behaviors & B(t)

B(t) multiplies I_eff_base every tick. Without it, a pulsing dome, a sweeping sector jammer, and a held gun lock look identical to the accumulation model — which is wrong.

Static
B(t) = 1.0 — constant
Field fixed in space. I_eff_base varies only as the drone moves — changing R and G(θ,φ) each tick. Never cache I_eff_base. Evasion works — flying off-axis reduces G.
RF_OMNI dome · GNSS Denial Node · Fixed sector
Hold
B(t) = Q_hold(t) — 0.85 to 1.0
Emitter actively tracks the drone. Heading updates every tick. G stays near maximum regardless of drone movement. Most damaging single-target behavior — evasion does not work.
RF_DIRECTIONAL gun · DEW_BEAM laser
Pulse
B(t) = pulse_envelope(t) — 0 or 1
Alternates on/off-phase. During off-phase: B(t) = 0, no accumulation, state machine frozen but not reversed. Time to neutralise ≈ continuous ÷ duty_cycle.
RF_OMNI pulse · HPM_PULSE emitter
Sweep
B(t) = cosⁿ(θ_beam(t) − θ_drone)
Beam rotates across sector at defined rate. Drone gets near-full intensity only when beam points at it. Between sweeps B(t) falls to sidelobe — low but not zero.
RF_SECTOR sweep · Saksham C-UAS Grid (CD 3)
Moving
B(t) = 1.0 — R(t) = |asset_pos(t) − drone|
Emitter follows mobile asset. R changes every tick as platform moves. Volume membership re-evaluated every tick — convoy driving away can trigger ESCAPED with no drone movement.
Mobile Escort Jammer · Vehicle Protection Node
Static
Field exists in space. Drone moves through it.

Moving off-axis reduces G(θ,φ). Flying away increases R and reduces I(R).

Evasion works. The drone reduces exposure by flying off-axis or away from the emitter.
Hold
Field follows the drone. Emitter heading updates each tick. G stays near maximum.

Only increasing R (flying away from emitter) reduces I_eff. Off-axis manoeuvres are tracked.

Evasion does not work. Q_hold degrades only slightly with active evasion.
BRD Sheet 5 · Electromagnetic wave modes

EMW Modes

Every counter-drone engagement in Atmos is delivered through one of 30 EMW Modes defined in the BRD. Each mode is a precise combination of three parameters — Geometry, Distribution, and Behavior — that fully describes the spatial shape, energy arrangement, and temporal pattern of the electromagnetic effect.

Geometry — the spatial shape
Defines the 3D volume the effect occupies in space. Determines how the field wraps around the target area.
Cone
Directional spread widening from a source — like a flashlight. Used for handheld jammers and directional guns.
Sector
Partial cone covering a specific angle. Used for corridor denial and sector scanning.
Hemisphere
Dome-shaped coverage over an area. Standard for 360° omni protection zones.
Sphere
Full 360° coverage in all directions including below. Used for mobile escort jammers.
Beam
Narrow, highly focused directional energy. DEW lasers and precision HPM targeting.
Cylinder (Narrow)
Straight column-like focused energy path. Used for IEMI gyroscope resonance attacks.
Distribution — energy arrangement
Describes how intensity is arranged inside the geometry volume. Determines where the strongest effect is felt within the field.
Centerline
Energy concentrated along the central axis. Falls off toward the edges — maximum G(θ,φ) at beam center. Directional jammers and DEW use this.
Radial
Energy spreads outward evenly from the origin. Symmetric — intensity only falls with distance R, not angle. Omni domes use this.
Layered
Multiple overlapping intensity bands — inner vs outer zone with different levels. Multi-band composite jammers and tiered infrastructure protection.
Uniform
Even energy distribution across the entire area — no gradient. Used for broadcast monitoring and EMP area disruption.
Behavior — temporal pattern
Describes how the effect changes over time. Drives B(t) in the I_eff formula — the most consequential parameter for accumulation rate.
Static
Fixed in position, no movement. B(t) = 1.0 constant. Evasion works — drone can fly out of the field.
Hold
Continuous, steady emission — tracks and locks onto the target. B(t) ≈ 1.0. Evasion does not work — beam follows the drone.
Sweep
Moves or scans across an area. B(t) = cosⁿ(θ_beam − θ_drone). Drone receives near-full intensity only during beam crossing — sidelobe between sweeps is low but non-zero.
Moving
Emitter tracks and follows a target or travels with a mobile asset. B(t) = 1.0 but R(t) changes every tick. Volume membership re-evaluated continuously.
Pulse
Short bursts of energy instead of continuous emission. B(t) = 0 during off-phase — accumulation pauses. State machine does not advance or reverse during off-phase.
30 EMW Modes — BRD Sheet 5

Each mode is a named, numbered combination of the three parameters. Strike AI selects modes by matching the threat drone's vulnerability profile against available C-UAS asset capabilities. Modes 1–16 cover standard C-UAS engagement. Modes 17–30 cover advanced, composite, and DEW engagements.

Mode Name Geometry Distribution Behavior Primary use case
F_match Matrix — Target subsystem × Threat drone

F_match depends on the wave's target subsystem and the drone's actual RF profile — not on beam geometry or behavior. The rows below represent the five genuinely distinct subsystem targets. 0.00 = pre-condition fails, zero effect.

Target subsystem TO10
Hex		 TO1
Mavic 3		 TO3
Anafi		 TO14
Supercam		 TO2
M300		 TO8
Songar		 TO9
Yiha		 TO4
Switch		 TO5
Shahed		 TO15
Burraq		 TO6
TB2		 TO7
CH-4B		 TO12
CH-4		 TO11
WL-II		 TO13
Akinci
Legend
0.80–1.00 — full effect
0.50–0.79 — high effect
0.20–0.49 — partial effect
0.01–0.19 — low effect
0.00 — no effect (pre-condition fails)
Combined effects

Multi-Wave Interaction

When a drone is inside two or more wave volumes, effective intensities combine with diminishing returns — not simple addition. Total can never exceed I_max (strongest single asset at point-blank).

Diminishing returns formula
I_eff_combined = I_max × (1 − Π(1 − I_eff_i / I_max))
I_max = strongest single-source at point-blank. Π = product across all N overlapping waves. Apply before the exposure accumulation step every tick. Two waves at 0.60 and 0.50 combine to 0.774 — not 1.10. A third wave adds only 0.048 more.
Worked example — TO 1: DJI Mavic 3 · I_max = 0.92
CD 3 Saksham C-UAS Grid
0.60
Wave 1 alone → 0.60
GNSS Denial Node
0.50
Simple sum = 1.10 ✗
Combined (formula)
0.774
0.92 × (1−0.348×0.457) ✓
1 WAVE
0.600
baseline
2 WAVES
0.774
+0.174 incremental
3 WAVES
0.822
+0.048 incremental
HARD CAP
0.920
I_max — never exceeded
Interactive

Engagement Simulator

Select a threat drone and a counter-drone asset, then set engagement parameters. The simulator computes I_eff, exposure accumulation rate, time to neutralise, and the resulting S-score and state.

Threat Drone
Counter-Drone Asset
S = (E × V_em) / Resist · Resist = M_mat × (1−V_em) × (1+0.01·speed) × (1+0.001·altitude) · I_eff = P_peak / (1 + (R/R₀)²) × G × F_match
Drone parameters
V_em (EM vulnerability)
M_mat (material)
Speed (m/s)
Altitude (m)
Counter-drone parameters
Peak power P (W)
Range R (m)
F_match (0–1)
F_los (0–1)
B(t) duty factor (0–1)
Results
I_eff per tick
—
W · at given range
Resist
—
higher = harder
Time to Neutralise (S ≥ 16)
—
Engagement duration (seconds)
5 s
Exposure E at this duration
—
—
—
Score S at duration
Engagement assessment
Select a threat drone and counter-drone asset to see the engagement assessment.
Developer test cases

Scenario Playbook

Eleven end-to-end scenarios with BRD-sourced drone and asset IDs. Covers all five wave behaviors, immune targets, escape and re-entry, multi-wave, and DEW.

#
Scenario
BRD assets & conditions
Outcome
01
Standard RF Kill
Static · Point target
TO 1: DJI Mavic 3 (V_em 0.92) · CD 5: DRDO/BEL Anti-Drone Gun 500 W · 300 m · Hovering 140 m
Neutralised 0.18 s
02
Escape — Transit
Static · Fast transit
TO 4: Switchblade 300 (V_em 0.38) · CD 3: Saksham C-UAS Grid SWEEP · 1,200 m · 46 m/s · barely DETECTED at exit
Escaped S < 1
03
Re-Engagement
Permanent exposure
TO 4: Switchblade 300 · CD 5: Anti-Drone Gun · 150 m · Prior E = 4.66 from earlier engagement
Neutralised 3.59 s
04
RF-Immune Target
Pre-condition fail
TO 6: Bayraktar TB2 (V_em 0.22) · Any RF jammer · Encrypted SATCOM → F_match = 0. CD 7: DRDO DEW Mk-II required.
No RF effect
05
DEW Kill
Hold · Dwell model
TO 1: DJI Mavic 3 · CD 7: DRDO Laser DEW Mk-II (10,000 W) · 800 m · Q_track = 0.95 · D_eff ≥ 50 at 63 s
Physical kill 63 s
06
Multi-Wave
Diminishing returns
TO 1: Mavic 3 · CD 3: Saksham SWEEP (0.60) + GNSS Denial (0.50) · Combined = 0.774 not 1.10
Neutralised 1.1 s
07
GNSS-Immune
Nav pre-condition fail
TO 5: Shahed-136 (V_em 0.28) · Any GNSS jammer · Inertial primary nav → F_match = 0. CD 10: Bhargavastra kinetic required.
No GNSS effect
08
Partial Disruption
Sector edge · Escape
TO 2: Matrice 300 (V_em 0.68) · CD 1: D4S C-UAS System · 800 m sector edge · 12 s in field
Escaped S = 9.0
09
Pulse Behavior
50% duty cycle
TO 1: Mavic 3 · CD 2: Indrajaal PULSE dome · T = 2 s · duty = 0.50 · off-phase state frozen, not regressed
Neutralised 0.18 s on-phase
10
Sweep Behavior
B(t) varies per tick
TO 1: Mavic 3 · CD 3: Saksham SWEEP · 30° off-center · T = 4 s · sidelobe between crossings non-zero
Neutralised 0.5 s
11
Moving Behavior
Convoy drives away
TO 1: Mavic 3 · Mobile Escort Jammer (RF_OMNI MOVING) · Asset moves at 15 m/s · R(t) recalculated every tick
Neutralised (close range)
Implementation constraints

Key Rules

Non-negotiable constraints for every implementation of this model.

Recompute every tick
I(R), G(θ,φ), and B(t) must all be recomputed from current drone position and wave state every tick. Never cache these values between ticks.
Exposure is permanent
E never decays, never resets — not on field exit, not between missions or engagements. Off-phase ticks pause accumulation without subtracting from E.
States are one-way
S can only increase. DISRUPTED cannot return to DEGRADED. Escaped is the only two-way state. Re-entry jumps immediately to the S-appropriate state.
Off-phase: skip, not zero
When B(t) = 0, skip the accumulation step entirely. Do not add zero to E. Do not run the state check this tick. State is frozen, not regressed.
F_match pre-condition first
Check binary pre-conditions (SATCOM link, inertial navigation) before any formula computation. If failed, skip the entire tick for this drone-wave pair.
DEW is irreversible
D_eff models physical damage and never resets. T_lock resets when lock is broken, but D_eff remains. DEW and RF accumulate independently in parallel.
Moving: volume check every tick
Re-evaluate volume membership every tick from the asset's current position. An escort vehicle driving away can trigger ESCAPED with no drone movement at all.
Resist floor = 0.01
Apply Resist = max(Resist, 0.01) before S computation every tick to prevent division by zero when V_em = 1.0.
Multi-wave: cap before accumulation
Apply the diminishing returns formula to produce I_eff_combined first, then feed that single combined value into exposure accumulation — not individual wave I_eff values.
BRD Sheet 2 · Intel AI reference targets

Threat Drone Catalogue

15 hostile UAS platforms sourced from the EDGE Atmos BRD. V_em and material values are authoritative for Strike AI neutralisation score computation. Sorted by V_em descending — easiest to hardest to neutralise.

TO 10
Generic Hexacopters
PRC / Pakistan — Commercial
V_em 0.94
Payload Delivery UAV
Weight
~8 kg
Max speed
15 m/s
Endurance
25 min
Range
5,000 m
Link
Commercial RF · GPS
Material (M_mat)
Polymer composite (1.2)
Sensors
EO · Payload bay
Objective
Payload delivery — explosives, surveillance, logistics
RF_JAM — easiest target in catalogue. Commercial RF, no encryption. Standard DroneGun or DRDO/BEL Anti-Drone Gun. Neutralised in <0.2 s at 300 m.
TO 1
DJI Mavic 3
DJI / China
V_em 0.92
Commercial UAV
Weight
0.895 kg
Max speed
19 m/s
Endurance
46 min
Range
6,000 m
Link
OcuSync 3.0 · 2.4/5.8 GHz
Navigation
GPS · GLONASS · Galileo · BeiDou
Material (M_mat)
Polymer composite (1.2)
Objective
Short-range surveillance and reconnaissance
RF_JAM — CD 5 Anti-Drone Gun at 300 m neutralises in ~0.18 s. OcuSync on 2.4/5.8 GHz, high V_em. Standard engagement.
TO 3
Parrot Anafi USA
Parrot / France
V_em 0.82
Tactical UAV
Weight
0.5 kg
Max speed
16 m/s
Endurance
32 min
Range
4,800 m
Link
Encrypted Wi-Fi · 2.4 GHz
Navigation
GPS · GLONASS
Material (M_mat)
Polymer composite (1.2)
Objective
Secure reconnaissance in contested environments
RF_JAM — encrypted Wi-Fi reduces F_match slightly vs OcuSync. Still high V_em. Standard directional jammer engagement.
TO 14
Supercam S-250
Supercam / Russia
V_em 0.72
Mini UAV
Weight
2.5 kg
Max speed
30 m/s
Endurance
180 min
Range
50,000 m
Link
Encrypted RF · GPS/GLONASS
Propulsion
Fixed-wing — electric pusher
Material (M_mat)
Polymer composite (1.2)
Objective
Battlefield intelligence, long-endurance mini ISR
RF_JAM — encrypted link but high V_em and light construction. Fixed-wing makes it faster — increased Resist from speed. Sector jammer recommended for corridor coverage.
TO 2
DJI Matrice 300 RTK
DJI / China
V_em 0.68
Industrial UAV
Weight
6.3 kg
Max speed
17 m/s
Endurance
55 min
Range
15,000 m
Link
OcuSync 3.0 · 2.4/5.8 GHz
Navigation
GPS · GLONASS · BeiDou · RTK
Material (M_mat)
Magnesium alloy + polymer (1.8)
Objective
High-end surveillance, mapping and extended ISR
RF_JAM — sustained jamming required. M_mat 1.8 (magnesium alloy) significantly raises Resist vs Mavic 3. Multi-constellation GNSS adds resistance. Sector jammer + GNSS denial pairing recommended.
TO 8
Asisguard Songar
Asisguard / Turkey
V_em 0.55
Strike UAV
Weight
7 kg
Max speed
38 m/s
Endurance
60 min
Range
5,000 m
Link
Encrypted RF · GPS/Barometric
Sensors
EO · Armed payload
Material (M_mat)
Carbon fibre + polymer (1.5)
Objective
Close-range tactical strike and armed reconnaissance
RF_JAM partial + DEW follow-up. Encrypted RF reduces F_match. Carbon fibre raises M_mat. High speed adds Resist. CD 7 DRDO DEW Mk-II follow-up advisable.
TO 9
Byker Yiha
Roketsan / Turkey
V_em 0.42
Loitering Munition
Weight
3 kg
Max speed
44 m/s
Endurance
30 min
Range
15,000 m
Link
Encrypted RF · GPS/INS
Sensors
EO · IR
Material (M_mat)
Polymer composite (1.2)
Objective
Precision loitering strike against mobile targets
RF_JAM partial — encrypted RF and high speed (44 m/s) reduce effectiveness. DRONE_INTERCEPT recommended — Switch UAV or Ninja UAV intercept.
TO 4
Switchblade 300
AeroVironment / USA
V_em 0.38
Loitering Munition
Weight
2.5 kg
Max speed
46 m/s
Endurance
15 min
Range
10,000 m
Link
Encrypted FHSS · GPS/INS
Propulsion
Fixed-wing — electric pusher
Material (M_mat)
Carbon fibre + polymer (1.5)
Objective
Precision anti-personnel and light-value strike
DEW + DRONE_INTERCEPT. Encrypted FHSS severely limits RF jamming. Carbon fibre, max speed 46 m/s. High Resist — RF jamming alone insufficient. CD 7 DRDO DEW Mk-II or drone intercept.
TO 5
Shahed-136
IRGC / Iran
V_em 0.28
Loitering Munition
Weight
200 kg
Max speed
56 m/s
Endurance
~120 min
Range
1,800,000 m
Link
Pre-programmed waypoints — no active RF link
Navigation
INS primary · GPS secondary
Material (M_mat)
Composite + aluminium (1.7)
Objective
Long-range saturation attack on infrastructure
KINETIC only — CD 10 Bhargavastra. No active RF link — F_match = 0 for all jammers. Inertial primary nav defeats GNSS denial. RF jamming has zero effect. C-RAM kinetic intercept is the only option.
TO 15
Burraq
NESCOM / Pakistan
V_em 0.25
MALE UCAV
Weight
450 kg
Max speed
56 m/s
Endurance
420 min
Range
120,000 m
Link
Encrypted RF · GPS/INS
Sensors
EO · IR · Lidar
Material (M_mat)
Carbon fibre + aluminium (1.7)
Objective
ISR and precision strike for tactical operations
DEW_BEAM + DRONE_INTERCEPT. Military-grade hardening, V_em 0.25. CD 7 DRDO DEW Mk-II (10 kW) or CD 8 Adani DEW (15 kW). Heron TP intercept (DD 2) if DEW unavailable.
TO 6
Bayraktar TB2
Baykar / Turkey
V_em 0.22
MALE UCAV
Weight
700 kg
Max speed
70 m/s
Endurance
1,440 min
Range
150,000 m
Link
Encrypted SATCOM + LOS · GPS/GLONASS/INS
Sensors
EO · IR · SAR · Lidar
Material (M_mat)
Carbon fibre composite (1.5)
Objective
ISR and precision strike at tactical/operational range
DEW_BEAM only — RF F_match = 0 (SATCOM link defeats all ground jammers). CD 7 DRDO DEW Mk-II at ≤2,000 m. Heron TP intercept (DD 2) as fallback.
TO 7
CH-4B
CASC / China
V_em 0.20
MALE UCAV
Weight
1,300 kg
Max speed
58 m/s
Endurance
1,800 min
Range
250,000 m
Link
Encrypted SATCOM · GPS/GLONASS/INS
Sensors
EO · IR · SAR · Lidar
Material (M_mat)
Carbon fibre composite (1.5)
Objective
Long-endurance surveillance and strike
DEW_BEAM + DRONE_INTERCEPT. SATCOM defeats all RF jamming. CD 8 Adani–DRDO DEW (15 kW) at ≤2,500 m. Heron TP (DD 2) or Rustom-II (DD 3) intercept.
TO 12
Caihong CH-4
CASC / China
V_em 0.20
MALE UAV
Weight
1,250 kg
Max speed
56 m/s
Endurance
2,100 min
Range
250,000 m
Link
Encrypted SATCOM · GPS/GLONASS/INS
Sensors
EO · IR · SAR · ELINT
Material (M_mat)
Carbon fibre composite (1.5)
Objective
Surveillance and strike support
DEW_BEAM only. SATCOM link defeats all ground RF. CD 7 or CD 8 DEW systems. Longest endurance in catalogue — if not neutralised quickly, operates for 35 hours.
TO 11
Wing Loong II
AVIC / China
V_em 0.18
MALE UCAV
Weight
4,200 kg
Max speed
97 m/s
Endurance
1,920 min
Range
400,000 m
Link
Encrypted SATCOM · GPS/GLONASS/INS
Sensors
EO · IR · SAR · Lidar
Material (M_mat)
Carbon fibre composite (1.5)
Objective
Long-range ISR and precision strike
Heron TP intercept (DD 2) — only realistic option. 4,200 kg at 97 m/s, SATCOM, V_em 0.18. Out of DEW range at operational altitudes. Heron TP intercept or escalation required.
TO 13
Bayraktar Akinci
Baykar / Turkey
V_em 0.15
HALE UCAV
Weight
6,000 kg
Max speed
139 m/s
Endurance
1,440 min
Range
300,000 m
Link
Encrypted SATCOM · GPS/GLONASS/INS
Ceiling
12,000 m HALE
Material (M_mat)
Carbon fibre composite (1.5)
Objective
Strategic ISR, deep strike, multi-payload
Out of C-UAS envelope — lowest V_em in catalogue (0.15). Operates at 12,000 m — beyond DEW and interceptor range. Requires escalation to air defence assets. Atmos flags and escalates.
BRD Sheet 3 · Deployable counter-drone assets

Counter-Drone Asset Catalogue

14 Indian-deployed C-UAS assets sourced from the EDGE Atmos BRD. All operated by counter-drone operators. Readiness states propagate to Strike AI within 10 seconds.

CD 5
Anti-Drone Gun (DRDO/BEL)
BEL / India
RF_JAM
RF Jammer — HandheldRF_DIRECTIONAL
Peak power
500 W
Max range
2,000 m
Coverage
Az 50° × El 35°
Behavior
Hold — tracks target
Weight
3.2 kg
Endurance
120 min (LiPo)
Deployment
Handheld — operator-aimed
Bands
433 MHz · 915 MHz · 2.4 GHz · 5.8 GHz · GNSS
Best against: TO 1 Mavic 3, TO 10 hexacopters, TO 3 Anafi. Neutralises TO 1 at 300 m in ~0.18 s. Point-aim HOLD mode — operator locks onto single target.
CD 4
Paras Anti-Drone System
Paras Aerospace / India
RF_JAM
RF Jammer — VehicleRF_DIRECTIONAL
Peak power
750 W
Max range
3,000 m
Coverage
Az 40° × El 30°
Behavior
Hold
Weight
8.5 kg
Endurance
240 min (LiPo)
Deployment
Vehicle mounted
Bands
433 MHz · 915 MHz · 2.4 GHz · 5.8 GHz · GNSS
Higher power than CD 5 at longer range. Effective against TO 1–3, TO 10, TO 14. Vehicle mount provides mobility for convoy protection.
CD 6
SkyWall 100
OpenWorks Engineering / UK
RF_JAM
RF Jammer — HandheldRF_DIRECTIONAL
Peak power
400 W
Max range
2,000 m
Coverage
Az 30° × El 20°
Behavior
Hold
Weight
4.8 kg
Endurance
240 min (LiPo)
Deployment
Handheld — shoulder-mount
Bands
433 MHz · 915 MHz · 2.4 GHz · 5.8 GHz · GNSS
Narrower beam than CD 5. Best for precision point engagement at ≤1,000 m. Good for high-density urban environments where beam width discipline matters.
CD 13
SAMSAR Manpack Jammer
BEL / India
RF_JAM
RF Jammer — ManpackRF_DIRECTIONAL
Peak power
600 W
Max range
2,000 m
Coverage
Az 40° × El 30°
Behavior
Hold
Weight
9.5 kg
Endurance
240 min (LiPo)
Deployment
Manpack — rapid deploy
Bands
433 MHz · 915 MHz · 2.4 GHz · 5.8 GHz
Indian-made manpack for field operator deployment. BEL-manufactured, optimised for Northern Command terrain. Effective against TO 1, TO 3, TO 10.
CD 1
D4 Anti-Drone System
Robin Radar / India
RF_JAM
Integrated C-UASRF_COMPOSITE
Peak power
1,000 W
Max range
5,000 m
Coverage
360°
Behavior
Static / Hold (radar-cued)
Weight
450 kg
Deployment
Vehicle mounted
Sensors
Radar · EO · IR · RF
Bands
Multi-band RF composite · Networked
Integrated radar cueing + multi-band jamming. Most effective against TO 1–3, TO 8, TO 10. Radar cueing improves F_los and reduces reaction time. Key Northern Command asset.
CD 2
Indrajaal
Grene Robotics / India
RF_JAM
Integrated C-UASRF_OMNI
Peak power
2,000 W
Max range
4,000 m
Coverage
360° × 90° hemisphere
Behavior
Pulse — 50% duty cycle
Deployment
Fixed installation
Sensors
Radar · EO · IR · Acoustic
Endurance
Continuous (mains + solar)
Bands
Multi-band RF · Networked C2
Autonomous drone swarm protection over 4,000 m radius. Pulse behavior — state machine does not advance during off-phase. High peak power compensates. Effective against mass TO 10 swarms.
CD 3
Saksham C-UAS Grid
BEL / India
RF_JAM
C2 Network GridRF_SECTOR
Peak power
2,000 W
Max range
10,000 m
Coverage
360° sector network
Behavior
Sweep — continuous rotation
Deployment
Fixed — networked nodes
Sensors
Radar · EO · IR · RF
Endurance
Continuous (mains)
Bands
Multi-band RF · Encrypted C2
Longest RF range in catalogue at 10,000 m. Sweep behavior — B(t) varies per tick, sidelobe between crossings still accumulates. Corridor denial for LoC ingress routes.
CD 12
ASHWA C-UAS Vehicle
BEL / India
RF_JAM
Integrated C-UAS — MobileRF_COMPOSITE
Max range
5,000 m
Coverage
360° × 90°
Behavior
Hold (radar-cued)
Weight
4,000 kg
Deployment
Vehicle integrated — mobile
Sensors
Radar · EO · IR · RF
Endurance
Continuous (vehicle engine)
Bands
Multi-band RF composite
Mobile version of integrated C-UAS for convoy and forward deployment. Full 360° composite jamming on the move. Most capable mobile RF asset in the BRD catalogue.
CD 14
BEL LSTAR C-UAS
BEL / India
RF_JAM
Integrated C-UAS — FixedRF_COMPOSITE
Peak power
5,000 W
Max range
5,000 m
Coverage
360° × 90°
Behavior
Hold (radar-cued)
Deployment
Fixed installation — permanent
Sensors
Radar · EO · IR · RF
Endurance
Continuous (Mains + UPS)
Bands
Multi-band RF · Encrypted C2
Highest RF peak power in catalogue (5 kW). Fixed permanent installation for critical site protection — airports, dams, government buildings in Srinagar BRD sites list.
CD 7
DRDO Laser DEW Mk-II
DRDO / India
DEW
DEW — Directed EnergyDEW_BEAM
Beam power
10,000 W
Max range
2,000 m
F_match
1.0 — all drones
Behavior
Hold — precision tracking
Weight
2,500 kg
Deployment
Vehicle mounted
Sensors
EO · IR · Radar · Lidar tracking
Requires LOS
Yes — hard-stops at terrain
Effective against all 15 threat drones including SATCOM-linked MALE UCAVs. Physical thermal damage — irreversible. Required for TB2, CH-4B, Burraq. D_eff ≥ 50 = physical kill.
CD 8
Adani–DRDO DEW System
DRDO / India
DEW
DEW — Directed EnergyDEW_BEAM
Beam power
15,000 W
Max range
2,500 m
F_match
1.0 — all drones
Behavior
Hold — precision tracking
Weight
3,000 kg
Deployment
Vehicle mounted
Sensors
EO · IR · Radar · Lidar
Requires LOS
Yes
Highest beam power in BRD catalogue (15 kW). Best choice for hardened targets — CH-4B, Wing Loong II, Burraq. Greater range and faster kill time than CD 7.
CD 9
Paras Laser System
Paras Aerospace / India
DEW
DEW — Directed EnergyDEW_BEAM
Beam power
5,000 W
Max range
1,500 m
F_match
1.0 — all drones
Behavior
Hold
Weight
1,800 kg
Deployment
Vehicle mounted
Sensors
EO · IR · Lidar
Requires LOS
Yes
Lower power DEW for short-range engagements. Effective against TO 1–5, TO 8–10 at ≤1,000 m. Lighter vehicle footprint — suited for forward operating bases.
CD 10
Bhargavastra
Solar Defence / India
KINETIC
Kinetic — C-RAMN/A
Max range
5,000 m
V_em required
Any — kinetic
Magazine
12-round ready
Behavior
Kinetic — no EW model
Weight
5,000 kg
Deployment
Vehicle mounted — fixed fire control
Sensors
Radar · EO · IR
BRD notes
0 deployed — catalogued, not yet active
Only asset effective against TO 5 Shahed-136 (no active RF, inertial nav). No accumulation model — F_match and V_em are irrelevant. Instantaneous kinetic intercept on radar lock.
CD 11
Nagastra-1
Solar Defence / India
Physical
Loitering Interceptor UAV
Max range
3,000 m
Weight
2 kg
Endurance
15 min mission
Sensors
EO · IR
Deployment
Ground launch
Method
Physical interception — loiter + strike
BRD notes
0 deployed — catalogued, not yet active
Link
Encrypted RF
Loitering interceptor — launches and loiters in threat area, engages physically. Effective regardless of target V_em or link type. Not yet deployed in Northern Command.